A Deep Dive into Java Multithreading: How It Works and Why It Matters

Multithreading is one of Java’s most powerful features, enabling the simultaneous execution of two or more threads within a single program. Java’s concurrency model has evolved significantly since its early days, providing developers with robust tools to create highly scalable, responsive, and efficient applications. In this blog, we’ll explore the fundamentals of multithreading, how it works in Java, and why it’s essential for modern applications.

What is Multithreading?

Multithreading allows multiple threads — lightweight sub-processes — to run concurrently within a program. Unlike traditional single-threaded applications, where tasks are executed sequentially, multithreading enables parallel execution, improving performance and resource utilisation.

In Java, threads are the smallest units of execution. Each thread runs independently but shares the process’s memory and resources, which is why managing synchronization and concurrency is so crucial.

Key Concepts in Multithreading

1. Thread and Runnable

In Java, you can create a thread by either:

1. Extending the Thread class.
2. Implementing the Runnable interface.

Extending Thread:

class MyThread extends Thread {
    public void run() {
        // Code to be executed by…